ʻO wai ke ala maikaʻi loa?
—Nā hoʻāʻo no ka maʻi maʻi SARS-CoV-2
No nā hihia i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma COVID-19, hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona lapaʻau maʻamau e pili ana i ke kuni, ka ʻū, myalgia a i ʻole ka luhi.ʻAʻole naʻe kēia mau hōʻailona he mau hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa o COVID-19 no ka mea ua like kēia mau hōʻailona me nā maʻi maʻi ʻē aʻe e like me ka influenza.I kēia manawa, ʻo ka virus nucleic acid Real-Time PCR (rt-PCR), CT imaging a me kekahi mau ʻāpana hematology nā mea hana mua no ka maʻi maʻi o ka maʻi.Ua kūkulu ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia nā pahu hoʻokolohua he nui i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā specimen maʻi no COVID-19 e ka CDC Kina1, US CDC2a me nā hui pilikino ʻē aʻe.Ua hoʻohui pū ʻia ka hoʻāʻo antibody IgG/IgM, kahi ʻano hoʻāʻo serological, ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona diagnostics i ka mana hou o Kina o ka maʻi a me nā alakaʻi lapaʻau no ka maʻi coronavirus novel (COVID-19), i hoʻopuka ʻia ma ka lā 3, Malaki.1.ʻO ka maʻi nucleic acid rt-PCR hoʻāʻo ʻo ia ke ʻano diagnostic maʻamau i kēia manawa no ka hōʻoia ʻana o COVID-19.
KahaKaʻa®Novel Coronavlrus (SARS-COV-2) Multiplex Real-Time PCR Kit(ʻike no ʻekolu genes)
Eia naʻe, ʻo kēia mau pahu hoʻāʻo PCR manawa maoli, e ʻimi ana i nā mea genetic o ka maʻi, no ka laʻana i ka ihu, waha, a i ʻole ka anal swabs, e loaʻa i nā palena he nui:
1) He lōʻihi nā manawa huli a paʻakikī kēia mau ho'āʻo;lawe lākou ma ka awelika ma luna o 2 a 3 mau hola e hoʻopuka i nā hopena.
2) Pono nā ho'āʻo PCR i nā laboratories i hōʻoia ʻia, nā lako makamae a me nā ʻenehana i aʻo ʻia e hana.
3) Aia kekahi mau helu o nā hua'ōlelo wahaheʻe no ka rt-PCR o COVID-19.Ma muli paha o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka SARS-CoV-2 i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka hanu o luna (ʻo Novel coronavirus ka nui o ka maʻi o ka ʻōpū hanu haʻahaʻa, e like me ka pulmonary alveoli) a ʻaʻole hiki i ka hōʻike ke ʻike i ka poʻe i hele i kahi maʻi, hoʻōla, a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka maʻi mai ko lākou kino.
Ka noiʻi na Lirong Zou et al4Ua ʻike ʻia ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ukana viral kiʻekiʻe ma hope koke o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hōʻailona, me ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o nā ukana viral kiʻekiʻe ma ka ihu ma mua o ka ʻāʻī a me ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe wai nucleic acid o nā maʻi i loaʻa i ka maʻi SARS-CoV-2 e like me ka poʻe maʻi me ka maʻi influenza.4a ʻokoʻa mai ka mea i ʻike ʻia i nā maʻi i loaʻa i ka SARS-CoV-2.
ʻO Yang Pan et al5ua nānā i nā laʻana serial (nā ʻāʻī ʻāʻī, ka ʻāʻī, ka mimi, a me ka ʻōpala) mai ʻelua mau mea maʻi ma Beijing a ʻike ʻia ua piʻi ka nui o ka viral ma ka puʻu ʻāʻī a me nā laʻana sputum ma kahi o 5-6 mau lā ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hōʻailona, ua hōʻike pinepine ʻia nā hōʻailona sputum ma mua o nā laʻana puʻu puʻu.ʻAʻohe RNA viral i ʻike ʻia i loko o ka mimi a i ʻole nā mea hoʻohālike mai kēia mau maʻi ʻelua.
Hāʻawi ka hoʻāʻo PCR i kahi hopena maikaʻi ke loaʻa ka maʻi maʻi.ʻAʻole hiki i nā hoʻokolohua ke ʻike i ka poʻe i hele i kahi maʻi, hoʻōla, a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka maʻi mai ko lākou kino.I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ma kahi o 30% -50% wale nō ka maikaʻi no ka PCR i nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi coronavirus novel pneumonia.ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka nui o nā mea maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi coronavirus ma muli o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka nucleic acid maikaʻi ʻole, no laila ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa i ka lāʻau kūpono i ka manawa.Mai ka mua a hiki i ke ono o na alakai, e hilinai wale ana ma ke kumu o ka maʻi o ka nucleic acid hopena ho'āʻo, i pilikia nui i clinicians.ʻO ka mua "whistle-blower", Dr. Li Wenliang, he ophthalmologist ma Wuhan Central Halemai, ua make.I kona wā e ola ana, ua loaʻa iā ia ʻekolu mau hoʻokolohua nucleic acid i ka hihia o ke kuni a me ka ʻū, a ʻo ka manawa hope loa i loaʻa iā ia nā hopena maikaʻi PCR.
Ma hope o ke kūkākūkā ʻana e nā poʻe loea, ua hoʻoholo ʻia e hoʻonui i nā ʻano hoʻokolohua serum ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona diagnostic hou.ʻOiai ʻo nā hoʻokolohua antibody, i kapa ʻia hoʻi nā hoʻokolohua serological, hiki ke hōʻoia inā ua maʻi kekahi ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o kā lākou ʻōnaehana pale i ka maʻi i kumu ai ka COVID-19.
ʻO StrongStep® SARS-COV-2 IgG/IgM Antibody Rapid Test
E kōkua ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka antibody IgG/IgM i ka ʻimi ʻana ma ke ʻano o ka heluna kanaka i loaʻa i ka maʻi, no ka mea, ʻike ʻia nā hihia he nui mai nā maʻi asymptomatic hiki ʻole ke ʻike maʻalahi.He mau kāne ma Singapore, ua ho'āʻo ke kāne i ka maikaʻi e ka PCR, ʻaʻole maikaʻi ka hopena o ka hoʻāʻo PCR o kāna wahine, akā ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena hōʻike antibody ua loaʻa iā ia nā antibodies, e like me kāna kāne.
Pono e hoʻopaʻa pono ʻia nā serological assays e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka pane ʻana me ka hilinaʻi, akā i nā antibodies wale nō e kūʻē i ka maʻi novel.ʻO kekahi hopohopo ʻo ka like ʻana ma waena o nā maʻi e hoʻoulu ai i ka maʻi hanu acute a me COVID-19 hiki ke alakaʻi i ka cross-reactivity.ʻO ka IgG-IgM i hoʻomohala ʻia e Xue Feng wang6ua manaʻo ʻia he hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he hoʻokolohua point-of-care (POCT), no ka mea hiki ke hana ʻia ma kahi kokoke i ka ʻaoʻao moe me ke koko manamana lima.He 88.66% ka naʻau o ka pahu a me ka kikoʻī o 90.63%.Eia nō naʻe, aia nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole a me nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole.
Ma Kina ka mana hou o ka maʻi maʻi a me ke alakaʻi alakaʻi no ka maʻi coronavirus novel (COVID-19)1, ua wehewehe ʻia nā hihia i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ke ʻano he mau hihia i manaʻo ʻia e kū ana i kekahi o nā pae hoʻohālike:
(1) Ua ho'āʻo maikaʻi ʻia nā ʻāpana hanu, nā koko a i ʻole nā stool no ka SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid me ka rt-PCR;
(2) He homologous loa ka homologous genetic sequence o ka maʻi mai ka ʻōpū hanu, ke koko a me ka ʻōpala me ka SARS-CoV-2 i ʻike ʻia;
(3) Ua maikaʻi ka antibody IgM a me ka antibody IgG i ka serum novel coronavirus;
(4) Ua hoʻololi ʻia ka antibody IgG kikoʻī coronavirus hou mai ka maikaʻi i ka maikaʻi a i ʻole ka coronavirus-specific IgG antibody i ka wā o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana he 4 mau manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o kēlā i ka wā maʻi.
ʻIke a me ka mālama ʻana i ka COVID-19
| Nā alakaʻi | Hoʻopuka ʻia | Hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā pae hoʻohālikelike |
| Helu 7 | 3 Mar.2020 | ❶ PCR ❷ NGS ❸ IgM+IgG |
| Helu 6th | 18 Feb.2020 | ❶ PCR ❷ NGS |
Kuhikuhi
1. Nā alakaʻi no ka hōʻoia ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi coronavirus hou (ka mana hoʻāʻo 7, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of Kina, i hoʻopuka ʻia ma 3.Mar.2020)
http://www.nhc.gov.cn/yzygj/s7652m/202003/a31191442e29474b98bfed5579d5af95.shtml
2. No ka noiʻi ʻana e hoʻohana wale i ka Manawa RT-PCR Manawa maoli no ka ʻike ʻana o 2019-nCoV
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/lab/rt-pcr-detection-instructions.html
3. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Singapore i ka hoʻohana mua ʻana i ka hoʻāʻo antibody e nānā i nā maʻi coronavirus
https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/02/singapore-claims-first-use-antibody-test-track-coronavirus-infections
4.SARS-CoV-2 Hoʻouka Viral i nā ʻano hoʻohālike o ka hanu luna o nā maʻi maʻi Pepeluali 19,2020 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2001737
5. ʻO nā viralloads o SARS-CoV-2 i nā laʻana lapaʻau Lancet Infect Dis 2020 Paʻi ʻia ma ka pūnaewele Pepeluali 24, 2020 (https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30113-4)
6. Hoʻomohala a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau o kahi hoʻāʻo Antibody Hoʻohui wikiwiki ʻo IgM-IgG no SARS-CoV-2
ʻIkepili maʻi XueFeng Wang ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8854-275X
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mar-17-2020
